5/7/2023 0 Comments Pdf expert 2.5.19 tnt![]() During the days of British Satellite Broadcasting, its sports channel carried extra coverage of Wimbledon for subscribers. ITV covered Wimbledon live from 1956 to 1968, but for fewer hours each day than the BBC. The BBC holds the broadcast rights for Wimbledon until 2024. This can result in live matches being moved across all 3 channels. The matches covered are primarily split between its two main terrestrial channels, BBC One and BBC Two, and their Red Button service. This may however still prove problematic where there is vertical integration between monopoly and competitive elements of the supply chain.Since 1937 the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the UK. It is also important to ensure that they do not reduce the incentives for innovation or new infrastructure investment.Given PSOs’ distortionary effect, their delivery should, where possible, be eventually transferred to those parts of the supply chain which are naturally monopolistic. ![]() The study’s main conclusions are:Some distortion of competition and innovation may be inevitable, but the costs can be minimised by defining these obligations flexibly to reflect changing social needs and technological developments.Where public service obligations are maintained, transparency is crucial, especially regarding principles and mechanisms for compensation. The findings have been informed both by examining the experience in different EU countries and by responses to the survey delivered across the CERRE membership, which has provided valuable examples of how these obligations work in practice for different players and regulators across a number of sectors. The focus is on how universal service obligations – which often involve an element of cross-subsidy – may distort competition. While universal service obligations are a useful way of managing the transition from a monopoly, as liberalisation increases they become increasingly difficult to sustain.This report outlines the current provision made for public service obligations across telecoms, postal service, electricity, gas and railways at the European level and as implemented in four EU countries (Belgium, France, Germany and the UK). Markets are not, however, good at delivering benefits to vulnerable consumers, or protecting them from increasing prices. One objective of market liberalisation is to reduce average costs and prices, so that consumers as a whole, and the economy, will benefit. Actually, liberalization and privatization have fuelled diversification and fragmentation, producing winners and losers from the restructuring processes. It furthermore questions the idea that the changes have equally benefited all users. Based on a series of company studies, it argues that liberalization and privatization in the European postal sectors had mixed effects with respect to efficiency and quality and mostly negative effects for employment and working conditions. This article challenges the view that liberalization and privatization unanimously enhance efficiency and quality and equally benefit all service users. And greater efficiency will benefit service users as services will become cheaper and of better quality. Supporters of liberalization and privatization have argued that competition and private ownership will induce service providers to improve efficiency. While negotiating with the EU, India needs to clear this paradox for a larger goal in achieving balance in the prospective FTA.įrom 2011 onwards the last remaining barriers to competition in most European postal markets will be eliminated. ![]() On the other hand, India’s courier sector is fairly open despite the feeling that the sector is quite closed. Understanding the EU postal sector is difficult as it is riddled with a variety of restrictions however, there is an impression that the EU market is open and EU players seek market access. The study is primarily desk-based however, to understand the ground-level scenario, a survey was conducted with various courier companies which include both Indian as well as multinational companies and the views of other stakeholders have also been taken into consideration. The domestic reforms that are required in India to enhance the productivity and global competitiveness of this sector are also outlined. It provides background information about the market structure, regulation, liberalization and nature of barriers in this sector both in India and the EU to develop a negotiation strategy for India. This study analyzes trade and investment opportunities in the postal and courier sector between India and EU member countries in the context of the India-EU Trade and Investment Agreement.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |